Reading Time: 2minutesAmerica Thinks This is a “Light Lunch”
I’m not on a diet. Historically I’ve been more than averagely careful about what I eat anyway. However I have noticed that of late I have become a little lazy about it and that’s had an effect on my body. So I did a bit of an audit and came to a few simple conclusions.
Most of the food I eat is pretty healthy but I have a bit of a psychological problem with eating everything on my plate. I was therefore eating too much.
There were a few horrors – a couple of common evening meals provided enough calories for the entire day.
Alcohol has calories in it. Who knew?
So I’ve addressed those three things in easy simple ways.
I put less on my plate. If I’ve cooked too much (common) I put the remainder in the fridge and eat it for lunch the next day. I just had a lovely bean curry burrito with last night’s left-overs.
Some of the recipes were easily modified, others taken out of regular rotation so they’re now occasional treats.
I’ve stopped drinking midweek.
One recipe particularly surprised me – a smoked salmon tagliatelle. By reducing the amount of pasta slightly, switching from double cream to single + cornflour and using a “low calorie” garlic bread I could all but halve its calorie count.
The really surprising element is that I prefer the lower calorie version of the recipe, the full fat version was always a bit sickly. It goes further than that though, I’ve fallen back in love with food. When I was a kid – in fact right up until I moved to Hull and became a sedentary office worker I used to get hungry about half an hour before a meal, then I used to really enjoy the meal. The tastes and textures were really vibrant. That’s happening again now, I’m appreciating what’s on my plate which feeds back into the care and attention I’m paying to putting it there.
Most people are rubbish at picking secure passwords – “pr0gn0s1s”, for instance, is a crap password. Taking an English word or a name and then changing a few of the letters just doesn’t cut it. Why? Well, the complex explanation is given in XKCD Comic but if “bits of entropy” means nothing to you, it works like this.
Most hacking attempts aren’t a done by a smart but misguided geek, they’re done by other computers and they’re dictionary based. That doesn’t always mean an English dictionary, rather a list of words that are commonly used in passwords. A computer program works through the dictionary trying each phrase in turn. Unsurprisingly hackers are well aware that people change O to zero etc. so all those combinations are tried too. Using the password “pr0gn0s1s” will take maybe a millisecond more to crack than simply “prognosis”. Changing letters to numbers is almost no help in making a password more secure.
So how do we avoid this?
1. Use Multiple Unrelated Words
XKCD makes a good point, you can just use multiple unrelated words, spelt entirely normally. By unrelated I mean that “DavidBeckham” is 2 words but would be a monumentally terrible password. “hollowpoolbutton” is much better and much easier to remember. “The Hollow Crown” is a series of Shakespeare plays on BBC TV, “Crown Pools” is a swimming pool in Ipswich, “Poole” is the town where Jenson Button (a racing driver) wasn’t born (but I thought he was until I just Googled him). So this is an easy password for me to remember.
This might not sound like it’s better than “pr0gn0s1s” but it is, massively so. There are more than 200,000 words that could follow “hollow” and another 200,000 that could follow “pool”. That’s more than 40 billion possibilities. A bit better than the handful of different substitutions that can be made in “prognosis”.
Adding some capital letters, a number, a special character may make it slightly better still, but the main strength of the password comes from it being made up of three unconnected sequences.
2. Insert Something Foreign Into a Word
Another way that sounds rather counter-intuitive but is surprisingly effective is to add something into the middle of a word. Instead of “pr0gn0s1s” you could use “progn9osis”. Now it’s not an English word any more and it’s not an obvious change. Personally I’m not happy with a single insertion, there aren’t that many letters on the keyboard or letters in “prognosis”. Dump an entire other word in, however, and it makes a big difference. It is very improbable that “prognmintosis” would ever be tried by a hacker.
Although, point of order, now I’ve written that exact phrase on a web page about choosing a strong password, you probably shouldn’t use “prognosis” and “mint” in the same password any more.
3. Use The First Letters of a Passage of Text
The last simple method I’ll mention is to find a phrase, a bit of poetry, prose or song fragment and take the first letter of each word. So if you’re a big Samuel Taylor Coleridge fan you might select;
“The naked hulk alongside came, And the twain were casting dice;”
from the most excellent (but rather scary) Rime of the Ancient Mariner. This would make a password of “tnhacattwcd” which scores well on all levels. It feels like a secure password, it actually is a secure password and it’s easy to remember.
Why Do Systems Insist On Password Rules?
We’ve all been there, “Sorry, you can’t use this password because it doesn’t contain a capital letter, a lowercase letter, a special character a number and a fractal equation.”
XKCD clearly demonstrates that this is a bag of arse. You can do all those things (except maybe the fractal equation) and still have a rubbish password, or you can do none of those things and have a really strong one.
One reason is that some people really are unbelievably crap at passwords. They’ll use their own names, pet names or other information that a lot of people would know and could easily guess. At least if they’ve got a number or some punctuation in the password they stand some chance of their new credit card not being immediately hacked by their 5 year old kid.
A second reason is that, although the world of computers contains some of the cleverest people on the planet, it also contains a lot of people who aren’t. Some people who really should know better actually believe that these things are required for a strong password.
Then there are managers who just want to feel safe. Despite having the situation explained to them multiple times, they still feel that a password needs to have these elements to be strong. At an emotional level we can have some sympathy, it does feel like “pr0gn0s1s” is a stronger password than “PencilDaquiri” but it isn’t. Unfortunately, when a manager has those emotions, the wrong password rules tend to propagate into systems.
The last thing I want to mention is user expectation. There are situations where everyone in the production of the system is fully aware of the facts, but they’re producing a system that the users need to trust. We’ve established already that people have an emotional connection, if they feel a password is complicated they also feel it is secure.
People might feel, because they had to try 3 times to meet the password strength requirements, that because there are fancy traffic lights telling them how “strong” their password is, that a web site must be really secure. Behind that, the password might written in plain text into a database that itself has poor security and is directly exposed to the entire Internet.
It doesn’t matter if the a rival site has a much better password policy and a much better and more secure way of storing those passwords, if the user doesn’t feel that the site is secure, they’ll use the one that it is actually less secure.
Sadly, I think that all adds up to us being stuck with these rather silly password rules. Fortunately if you’re in the habit of setting secure passwords then it doesn’t actually make them much more difficult to remember. It’s just irritating.
Reading Time: < 1minuteOccasionally, in all the stuff I use, I find something that I really like. So why not tell people about it?
Polycell Crack Free Ceilings is great. It’s thick, gloopy paint that hides a multitude of sins and not just on ceilings. It’s expensive, but combined with a little lightweight filler the time it saves is well worth it. As an aside though, this doesn’t mean that I recommend all the Polycell miracle solutions, some of which I’ve found not to work for me.
Dawn Simulator Alarm Clocks – any of them really – I happen to have the Lumie Bodyclock Starter 30. I’m not a SAD sufferer, but nonetheless I find that not being suddenly jolted awake makes me far more alert and puts me in a far better mood in the morning.
Ultrafire WF-606a – a pocket size LED torch, runs on 2 AA size batteries. It’s very bright and very rugged. A thoroughly sound piece of kit, far better in my opinion than the equivalent MagLite and much cheaper, too.
We change. We move on. It’s part of being human.
There’s a lot of change going on with me at the moment and it’s at times like this when a little wisdom can make a big difference.
One of the most effective pieces of advice I’ve ever been given was from a Kung-Fu instructor. She asked me which tree was stronger, the willow or the oak.
The oak is a potent symbol of power, it stands strong against the wind, assenting only to the gentlest of sways whereas the willow flops around all over the place in the merest breeze. The oak will still stand strong in a storm while the willow is battered into the ground.
When the wind gets too strong though, the oak will snap. When the wind subsides the oak will lie broken on the ground and the willow will return to its original form, swaying gently in the breeze.
The skill is knowing when to be the oak and when the forces against you are all too strong. I naturally tend toward the oakish, so I have to keep asking myself if I’m trying to be too strong, if perhaps I should stop pushing and just weather the storm. An ability to recognise when a something is beyond my control, to accept it rather than exhaust myself fighting against it (and probably lose anyway) has saved my bacon many, many times.
This goes hand in hand with another important skill – the ability to seek advantage even in adverse circumstances. When something bad happens it’s all too easy to concentrate on the bad, on what will be lost. A little bit of objective thinking often reveals that whilst some doors are closing others are opening. Sometimes an apparently bad change, on proper analysis, works out to be positive overall.
Lastly, and leading directly from the above, it’s easier to influence something that you’re on board with. If you diametrically oppose something you are likely to find that you become marginalised and are ignored. If you align yourself with it but suggest changes, you are more likely to be listened to.
Take these three together and you can remove a great deal of hassle from your life.
In December 2005 it all went horribly wrong and I feared a huge repair bill when my boiler went weird. Could I save a small fortune and fix it myself? Yes, replacing the Pressure Release Value turned out to be pretty easy.
DISCLAIMER
I’m not a gas fitter or plumber. I don’t know very much about boilers myself, but I am generally good with mechanical things. Some of this advice could be very, very bad. All I know is that it worked for me. I accept no responsibility for any consequences of anyone following any advice on this page!
The Pressure Release Valve
The Problem
If you’re just interested in how to replace the valve, skip forward to “Opening up the Boiler”.
We had a sealed radiator system that always dropped pressure. I needed to top it up about once a month, but in December 2005 it was getting serious. Over the Xmas period I had to top it up once per day. There aren’t that many reasons for this in a central heating system, so I availed myself of the Sealed Central Heating System FAQ. Read it. Now!
Sealed CH systems have to have a pressure release valve somewhere. Usually this is actually in the boiler, there certainly is one in the WB240. The pipe from this goes straight through my wall and down to the drain, so I put a bowl over the drain to catch any water, turned the heating on and went to do other things for 1/4 of an hour or so. When I came back the pressure in the system was just under 2 bar, but there was nearly 3/8 of a pint of water in the bowl! No wonder I was having to top it up a lot!
There are two reasons this can happen.
The pressure release valve is leaking.
The system is genuinely over-pressure.
The latter can happen if the expansion vessel is malfunctioning. The Sealed Central Heating System FAQ which you read earlier explains this. To test whether it’s the expansion vessel or not you will need to find it. This isn’t difficult. It’s a large red thing. Follow the instructions below about Opening the boiler up.
In my case the pressure in the system was nowhere near 3 bar and there was plenty of charge in the expansion vessel. Ergo leaking PRV. Flushing it through wasn’t working so it had to be replaced.
Getting a replacement PRV
There’s nowhere local I know that’s likely to stock WB spares, so I got a replacement valve from Keep The Heat On. They’re not the cheapest on the web, but their delivery is good and they’re not too far away so a visit isn’t out of the question. The valve in question is order code 108151. WB Part 8-716-142-416-0. It arrived the next day despite me picking the 2-3 day delivery.
Opening the boiler up.
Firstly, make sure that the boiler isn’t on and hasn’t been for some time. Then isolate it electrically. Somewhere you should have some means of actually turning the boiler’s electricity supply off. This may be near the boiler or near your main electrical distribution board. It could even have its own RCD (switch) in your mains electrical distribution board. When the boiler is powered down there should be no lights on.
The rightmost pipe going into the boiler needs to be isolated, just as a precaution. This is the gas pipe. Turn the screw so that the slot faces across the pipe.
Now take the white front panel off the boiler. If you can’t figure out how to do this yourself then you’re in trouble. Call a Registered Gas Installer!
At the top of the grey control panel are two screws. Not the ones facing you, the ones holding the grey control panel to the flanges at the side of the boiler. Supporting the grey control panel from the bottom, undo these screws. The whole control panel unit will then pull forward and hinge down. Note that the actions of pulling it forward and dropping it down are somewhat simultaneous.
The large red thing is the expansion vessel.
Testing the expansion vessel.
The valve for the gas charge is located on the right hand side of the expansion vessel just above the white thing with the 4 pipes going in on the left and the drain tap on the right (I must try to work out what this is). The Sealed Central Heating System FAQ details how to test it. Mine had plenty of pressure in it.
Finding and testing the PRV
The 5th pipe from the left (2nd from the right) connects directly to the PRV. It’s right up the back of the boiler. How convenient.
The tap is on the right hand side and is red. With the control panel dropped, I managed to get my left hand in under the “white thing” and over the top of the PRV so that I could operate the valve.
Highlighted in the image below is the pipe that enters the bottom on the PRV.
Now if you’ve not tested a PRV before this might take you by surprise :- they don’t turn back, only forward. Turn the top towards you, you will hear water escaping. Keep turning it the same way! Eventually it will snap back to the closed position.
If your leak doesn’t magically go away then you’re likely to need a new PRV.
Replacing the PRV: Isolating the CH and draining the boiler
I’m assuming here you have opened the boiler and dropped down the control panel (instructions for this are above).
OK, now we need to isolate the central heating circuit. Hopefully some clever spark has installed a pair of isolators other than the boiler’s own ones. If there is another pair, use them. If not, the two leftmost pipes on the boiler will have isolators on them at the bottom of the boiler. Turn them so that the screw slots face across the pipes not along them. They may leak a bit, so beware.
If you haven’t isolated the gas then do this now (instructions above).
You now have an isolated boiler, but it’s still full of water. Unless you plan on getting very wet whilst you’re working, draining the boiler is a good idea. To do this, just tweak the PRV so that water is flowing down the release pipe and leave it until it sounds like it’s empty.
Replacing the PRV: Spannering
Worcester Bosch have been quite cunning here. If you look just to the left of where the water pipe enters the PRV, there is a slot cut in the panel. This exposes the nut that connects the PRV to the pipe that extends leftward.
With the control panel pulled forward but pushed up, there is just enough room to get a spanner in here and work it to loosen the nut on the PRV. Don’t do that quite yet though! First, undo the nut that connects the PRV to the waste pipe.
OK, now undo the nut on the left of the PRV. If you’ve ever worked on a Citroen, this will be small beer to you. If not, just persevere. There’s very little room to work the spanner and you have to be very patient!
So the PRV is free! Almost. Don’t go yanking it around. It’s still connected via a thick piece of copper wire to the pressure gauge at the front of the control panel.
Carefully ease the PRV downwards until you can get a spanner on the connector at the top. Undo this, then the PRV is really free! If you’re feeling brave you can test it once and for all :- I turned it to make sure it was shut, covered the pressure gauge socket with my thumb and then blew through it. The problem being that I did in fact blow through it. These gauges are supposed to open at 3 bar and there is no way I can provide 3 bar of pressure with my lungs!
Now, in the style of a Haynes manual, reassembly is the reverse of disassembly, only with the new PRV, of course. I added a bit of PTFE tape to the threads. It’s probably not required and may make matters worse, although I can’t think why.
Recommissioning the boiler
DO NOT THINK YOU CAN JUST TURN THE BOILER BACK ON! The boiler will still be full of air!
It is worth mentioning here that I don’t have the official Worcester Bosch instructions for recommissioning and I don’t know what they are. This is what I did and it worked.
Ensure that the CH circuit is no longer isolated. You will hear the boiler gurgle a bit as (some) water flows back in.
Ensure that the gas still is isolated.
Turn the electricity back on. Then cause demand from the CH system (select Heating and Hot water and then tweak the controller until the boiler attempts to fire up). Clearly the burner will not work, but everything else will. It will attempt to pump water round the system. If the pump makes a horrible noise, check its temperate. If it becomes uncomfortable to touch, turn it off and wait until it has cooled down, then give it another few minutes. Eventually the boiler should sound pretty much like it did before, but without the burner running, obviously.
Now turn it back off, turn the gas back on and fire it up!
If there’s still air in the heat exchanger it may well trip the overheat protector. This is the strange little button on the top of the control panel. It should be pressed in. If it pops out the boiler will stop. If this happens, turn off the gas and run it for a few more minutes without the gas on, then give it another go (you will need to press the reset switch in again).
Apparently there are other, better ways of getting the air out of the boiler. There is a bleed nipple on the pump, there may be one on the heat exchanger, too. Unfortunately I don’t know anything about this! If you do (or manage to find out) then please let me know!
![[picture of screw]](http://www.zen223644.zen.co.uk/WB240/screw.jpg)
